Risk quantification in grade tonnage curves is critical for capital investment in mining projects and can be obtained through geostatistical simulations of orebodies. Drawing on nearly a decade of research on thousands of companies from scores of industries around the world, nunes and breene show that too many leaders manage. Mineral deposits vary widely in terms of their physical continuity and homogeneity of grade distribution. Figure 2 shows an example plot of a rating curve on a log scale with the individual gauging points and rating period of application. Application in series of data of articles and patents jhon wilder zartha sossa1, fernando palop, bibiana arango alzate, fabian mauricio velez salazar.
Three types of copper depositsporphyry, stratabound, and massive sulfideare described, and the distributions of tonnages and grades for 267 deposits are compared with normal and lognormal frequency distributions. Hanley geological survey professional paper 1160 an analysis of the relationships of grade and tonnage among several types of nickel deposits. Part 3 tonnage measurement of vessels less than 24 metres. Sedimenthosted gold deposits of the worlddatabase and. In best case scenarios, accurate tonnage calculations for sheet metal will help clients quote projects confidently and know the required forces to choose the correct press size. Assessing risk in gradetonnage curves in a complex copper. Pdf assessment of uncertainty in gradetonnage curves of.
Transnorm standard belt curve conveyor robust and reliable. Create a p curve disclosure table to select results to analyze 3. Grading on a curve austin community college district. Pdf mineral resource estimation is a highly skilled activity that is critical to the successful. Assessing risk in gradetonnage curves in a complex copper deposit 373 introduction capital investment in mining projects requires the quantification, understanding and assessment of risk in gradetonnage curves. The standard belt curve conveyors representing the core element of the innovative transnorm curve conveyor family and can be used for a variety of applications for internal transport of packed and unpacked goods with a maximum loading capacity of 150 kg.
Once a rating curve has been established it is an estimate of the stagedischarge relationship at a given point. Where it is known that 100 psi is needed to do a job on a 5 x 8 wide piece. The subject of this term project was an asphalt paving process utilizing a paving machine and 20 tons capacity triaxle trucks. Rating curve and gauging information open geospatial consortium. You can calculate the punching tonnage been required with the help of the following punching force calculation formula blanking force formula. Wmo recommends a curve should include at least 12 to 15 measurements, all made during the period of analysis and these. Students understanding and application of the area under the curve concept in physics problems donghai nguyen and n. Some examples turbine blades ship hulls automotive body panels complex curves a curve can be described by a finite number of short straight segments. With modern technology it is now a relatively simple matter to calculate the gross tonnage and net tonnage for any ship at an early design stage.
Is a schedule or curve that shows the amounts of real output that buyers collectively desire to purchase at each possible price level. Tonnage calculations need to be precise in order for a sheet metal tooling project to be successful. Cutoff grade determination for the maximum value of a. A brief note about grade statistics or how the curve is computed a whole lot more than you want to know about how grade curves are made. Mohammad almahmeed qmis 220 3 9 standard normal distribution is a special case of the normal distribution formed when the mean 0 and the standard deviation 1.
What we could get from s curve xiaoling shi, iwint, inc. Material found to be above this grade is considered to be ore, while material below this grade is considered to be waste. Pdf mineral resource estimation irakli zarqua academia. Identify the three ranges of the aggregate supply curve explain the impact of an increase in aggregate demand curve in each segment.
Classical nearhorizontal, observed on the left side of the graph, keynesian nearly vertical, observed on the right side of the graph, and intermediate upwardsloping, observed inbetween the other. Figure 5 grade tonnage tables and graphs for indicated and inferred resources this shows conceptual grade tonnage relationships only and is derived from inferred and indicated resources for which economic viability of realising tonnage above any given grade cutoff has not been assessed at this time. Market share scurve economics telephone reached 10% market penetration in 1896 and took 70 yrs to get to 90% automobile reached 10% market penetration in 1911 and took 70 yrs to get to 90% electricity reached 10% market penetration in 1906 and took 42 yrs to get to 90% radio reached 10% market penetration in 1928 and took 20 yrs to get to 90%. Both tonnage and grade of sulfide deposits associated with komatiitic rocks follow lognormal distributions. The evolution of technical system is based on a primary law of triz.
Figure 5 gradetonnage tables and graphs for indicated and inferred resources this shows conceptual gradetonnage relationships only and is derived from inferred and indicated resources for which economic viability of realising tonnage above any given grade cutoff has not been assessed at this time. Understanding cutoff grade 4 tonnage, grade, and costs or. The new general grade and tonnage model for sedimenthosted gold deposits n118 has a median tonnage of 5. Thus, after many years of use of various national tonnage regulations, a successful universal tonnage measurement system is now in place.
The master sn curve has been developed based on two key technical advances in fatigue research over the last decade. Despite the volume of previous works, studies on the tonnage cutoff model and average grade cutoff model for a single ore deposit are still scant. For this purpose, in a first step, a set of simulated images of the orebody provide the grade tonnage curve and an uncertainty. Students understanding and application of the area under the. Curve use in design engineering design requires ability to express complex curve shapes.
A master sn curve approach has been adopted in the new 2007 asme div 2 as an alternative method to the existing asme fatigue evaluation procedure for fatigue assessment of welded components through a rewrite effort over the last few years. Create a pcurve disclosure table to select results to analyze 3. Forecasting the gradetonnage curves and their uncertainty at the. Mineral deposit grade and tonnage models and numbersof undiscovered deposits. Selection and gradetonnage relationships springerlink. Sedimenthosted gold deposits of the worlddatabase and grade. The results of carrying out this method through a complete orebody of a large tonnage seem to justify the labor involved thereinthe tonnage checks with the standard method to within 1. In a normal distribution, most of the data will be near the middle or the mean, with very few figures toward the outside of the bell.
When material from excavation is hauled to be placed in embankment, it is customary to pay to the contractor a certain sum for every cubic yard hauled. Moreover, if s has a value that is too large, an unreasonable scurve results, in which y 1 occurs near the start or the end. To maintain the equilibrium, the demand for money should go up. Jumping the scurve, paul nunes and tim breene leaders of accenture s high performance business research program reveal how the best companies get to the top and stay there. Rating curve for a rectangular culvert with a tailwater depth of 0. Length of a vessel l as defined in section 6, part 2 of the vessel registration and tonnage regulations see also section 1.
Third, conduct joint statistical tests using an inferential specification curve. The relationships between grades and tonnages are analyzed by examining the correlation coefficients of these variables. A practical difficulty may arise in multielement deposits, as the joint modelling of the related attributes using the traditional. Sanjay rebello department of physics, kansas state university, manhattan, ks, 66506, usa this study investigates how students understand and apply the area under the curve. Tonnagecutoff model and average gradecutoff model for a. Forecasting the gradetonnage curves and their uncertainty. How tonnage calculations for sheet metal can make or break. For this purpose, in a first step, a set of simulated images of the orebody. Cutoff grade determination for the maximum value of a small. Geostatistical simulation technologies1 provide an increasingly recognized tool to model geological uncertainty and quantify. Second, estimate all specifications and report the results in a descriptive specification curve. The relationship is based on time discrete observations that represent the flow through the river crosssection in varying conditions. Pdf assessment of uncertainty in gradetonnage curves of a.
Design vs diagnostics some criteria are more useful as a design criteria and some are more useful for diagnosing hvac problems ashraes latest recommendations to appear in a future handbook are use dba and nc for design criteria i. The distributions and relationships of grade and tonnage among some nickel deposits by m. Forecasting the gradetonnage curves and their uncertainty at the mehdiabad deposityazd, central iran. The distributions and relationships of grade and tonnage. Conversely, as the cutoff grade is lowered, the tonnage of the deposit increases. Synopsis this chapter will ask many questions and give a few answers.
The location of the process was at the corner of main and madison in greenwood south of indianapolis. First, define the set of reasonable specifications to estimate. Distance and elevation relations between the culvert and approach section 15 6. Typical data sequence used to describe culvert sections and computations. Grading on a curve implies that there are a fixed number of as, bs, cs, ds and fs.
The following extract, reproduced by permission, from pp. Despite the volume of previous works, studies on the tonnagecutoff model and average gradecutoff model for a single ore deposit are still scant. It is suggested that the fractalmodel is an effective tool to describe. Its purpose is to show how to correctly set a gradetonnage problem. The islm model monetary policy when money supply increases. Standard curves analysis introduction a standard curve is used to calibrate an instrument or assay. The three ranges of the aggregate supply curve ncblog. At first, early adopters provide the momentum behind.
The climbing and jumping of scurves in the world of innovation, an scurve explains the common evolution of a successful. Students understanding and application of the area under. For undiscovered deposits of this type, 90 percent are expected to have at least. Forecasting grade tonnage curves at the mehdiabad deposit boll. Gradetonnage curves, orewaste selection and planning problems. Jumping the scurve reveals how companies can thrive by leaping from one successful business to another. In order to avoid serious errors in calculating a grade tonnage curve, we must be. Cutoff grade is the minimum grade required in order for a mineral or metal to be economically mined or processed. Some general statistical ones and also the probability density function pdf is the. Gradetonnage curves, orewaste selection and planning.
Application of grade and tonnage deposit models usgs. As the criteria for ore classification becomes more selective, the tonnage above the cutoff grade of the deposit decreases. In order to avoid serious errors in calculating a gradetonnage curve, we must be able to define clearly the relationships existing between estimates and the corresponding true values. In this paper, it is proposed that models can be established based on the element concentrations obtained from the mineralized zones exposed by exploration or mining works. View and download samson scurve 215 owners manual online. For that to happen, the interest rate must decrease.
What we could get from scurve xiaoling shi, iwint, inc. This page describes what the statistics of the exam scores mean, and describes in slightly technical detail how i compute my grade curve. If you punch round holes or square holes, or some other forms of holes through a given thickness of metal, you just want to know the force required to punch a hole in steel. Scurve economics 0 10 30 60 90 1875 1900 1925 1950 0 10 30 60 90 100 100 1975 2000 2025 market share % preneed stage 0% 10% critical mass 10% 90% telephone electricity radio tv automobile ecommerce ecommerce estimated to reach 10% market penetration by 20052007 and will top 90% in 78 yrs. Assessment of uncertainty in grade tonnage curves of a multivariate lateritic bauxite deposit through minmax autocorrelation factor transformation article pdf available january 2011 with 209. Thus, there are upper bounds of s, which depend on p and have a maximum of about 1. Dec 14, 2012 figure 5 grade tonnage tables and graphs for indicated and inferred resources this shows conceptual grade tonnage relationships only and is derived from inferred and indicated resources for which economic viability of realising tonnage above any given grade cutoff has not been assessed at this time. Christensen harvard university graduate school of business administration, boston, massachusetts 02 163 the technology scurve is a useful framework describing the substitution of new for old technologies at the industry level. The standard curves macro in sigmaplot provides five equations that may be fit to your data.
Turcotte 1997 further developed a tonnage grade model, which results in a fractal relationship between tonnage and grade, by modeling the geological oreforming process. The project is being run by the reithriley construction company. The grade tonnage curves display the tonnage above the cutoff grade and average grade of a deposit relative to cutoff grade. Hydraulic press tonnage calculation how to compute tonnage requirement. Specificationcurve analysis is carried out in three main steps. These range from a straight line equation to two different five parameter logistic equations. Grade and tonnage relationships among copper deposits. The design master sn curve in asme div 2 rewrite and its. Figure 1 is the cumulative curve for deposit tonnage. In practice, blocks are selected according to their estimated value and not according to their true unknown value. The distributions and relationships of grade and tonnage among.